Automatic weather stations (AWS) of the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI)
FMI has a range of station types such as AWS, Solar, Marine, Lightning, Air quality, Research, Radar, Precipitation, Magnetometer, Masts, ..., etc.
Automatic Weather Stations:
FMI runs 178 AWSs across Finland. They are characterized by data being sent back to HQ frequently (e.g. every 10 minutes) of a range of basic variables (see photo and table below).
| Symbol |
Variable |
Instrument |
Number of stations |
| Ta |
Air temperature (1.5 m agl) |
Platinum resistance thermometer (Theodor Friedrichs Pt100) |
190 |
| Tg |
Grass temperature (5 cm agl) |
Platinum resistance thermometer (Theodor Friedrichs Pt100) |
101 |
| ClB |
Cloud base |
Ceilometer (Vaisala CT25K) |
92 |
| RH |
Relative humidity |
Hygrometer (Vaisala HMP45D) |
199 |
| p |
Air pressure (corrected to mean sea-level) |
Barometer (Vaisala PTB220) |
138 |
| R |
Rainfall intensity and amount |
Weighing raingauge (OTT Pluvio2) |
106 |
| RO |
Rain: yes/no? |
On/off sensor (Vaisala DRD11A) |
45 |
| SnD |
Snow depth |
Sonic ranging (Campbell SR50AH) |
101 |
| S |
Sunshine |
Sunshine duration |
32 |
| U, dd |
Wind speed and direction |
Acoustic 2D anemometer (e.g. Thies UA2D) |
159 |
| PW, VIS |
Present weather & visibility |
Vaisala FD12P |
94 |
Solar Stations:
FMI runs 8 Solar stations across Finland (Helsinki, Vantaa, Jokioinen, Jyväskylä, Utö, Sodankylä, Sotkamo, Utsjoki).
| Symbol |
Variable |
Instrument |
| Sdown |
Global incoming/downwelling shortwave (solar) radiation |
Pyranometer (CM11 or CNR4) |
| Sup |
Reflected/upwelling/outgoing shortwave (solar) radiation |
Pyranometer (CM11 or CNR4) |
| Ldown |
Incoming/downwelling longwave (thermal) radiation |
Pyrgeometer (CGR4 or CNR4) |
| Lup |
Upwelling/outgoing longwave (thermal) radiation |
Pyrgeometer (CGR4 or CNR4) |
| Dir |
Direct normal-downwelling shortwave (solar) radiation |
Eppley NIP with sun tracker or SPN1 |
| Diff |
Diffuse incoming/downwelling shortwave (solar) radiation |
Pyranometer (CM11) with shade ring or suntracker |
| UVB |
Downwelling/incoming Ultraviolet B radiation |
Radiometer (SL501A) |
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